11/11/2017 0 Comments Install Strucchange Package RR Quick Guide. R Quick Guide.R Overview. R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting.Install Strucchange Package R' title='Install Strucchange Package R' />R was created by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, and is currently developed by the R Development Core Team.The core of R is an interpreted computer language which allows branching and looping as well as modular programming using functions.R allows integration with the procedures written in the C, C plus plus ,.Net, Python or FORTRAN languages for efficiency.R is freely available under the GNU General Public License, and pre compiled binary versions are provided for various operating systems like Linux, Windows and Mac.R is free software distributed under a GNU style copy left, and an official part of the GNU project called GNU S.Evolution of RR was initially written by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the Department of Statistics of the University of Auckland in Auckland, New Zealand.Wpfui1AJ9Ec/T5rFWt7--hI/AAAAAAACb6Q/QmDTk_T-ZJ4/animation_thumb.gif?imgmax=800' alt='Install Strucchange Package R' title='Install Strucchange Package R' />R made its first appearance in 1.A large group of individuals has contributed to R by sending code and bug reports.Since mid 1. 99. R Core Team who can modify the R source code archive.Features of RAs stated earlier, R is a programming language and software environment for statistical analysis, graphics representation and reporting.The following are the important features of R R is a well developed, simple and effective programming language which includes conditionals, loops, user defined recursive functions and input and output facilities.R has an effective data handling and storage facility,R provides a suite of operators for calculations on arrays, lists, vectors and matrices.R provides a large, coherent and integrated collection of tools for data analysis.R provides graphical facilities for data analysis and display either directly at the computer or printing at the papers.As a conclusion, R is worlds most widely used statistics programming language.Its the 1 choice of data scientists and supported by a vibrant and talented community of contributors.R Quick Guide Learn R programming language with simple and easy examples starting from R installation, language basics, syntax, literals, data types, variables.Download and Install R Precompiled binary distributions of the base system and contributed packages, Windows and Macusers most likely want one of these.RVectorc Xc1,2,3,4 X. 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R is taught in universities and deployed in mission critical business applications.This tutorial will teach you R programming along with suitable examples in simple and easy steps.R Environment Setup.Try it Option Online.You really do not need to set up your own environment to start learning R programming language.Reason is very simple, we already have set up R Programming environment online, so that you can compile and execute all the available examples online at the same time when you are doing your theory work.Install Strucchange Package R' title='Install Strucchange Package R' />This gives you confidence in what you are reading and to check the result with different options.Feel free to modify any example and execute it online.R Decision Tree Learn R programming language with simple and easy examples starting from R installation, language basics, syntax, literals, data types, variables.Try the following example using Try it option at the website available at the top right corner of the below sample code box.Print Hello World.Hello World. Add two numbers.For most of the examples given in this tutorial, you will find Try it option at the website, so just make use of it and enjoy your learning.Local Environment Setup.If you are still willing to set up your environment for R, you can follow the steps given below.Windows Installation.You can download the Windows installer version of R from R 3.Windows 3. 26. 4 bit and save it in a local directory.As it is a Windows installer.R version win. exe.You can just double click and run the installer accepting the default settings.If your Windows is 3.But if your windows is 6.After installation you can locate the icon to run the Program in a directory structure RR3.Rgui. exe under the Windows Program Files.Clicking this icon brings up the R GUI which is the R console to do R Programming.Linux Installation.R is available as a binary for many versions of Linux at the location R Binaries.The instruction to install Linux varies from flavor to flavor.These steps are mentioned under each type of Linux version in the mentioned link.However, if you are in a hurry, then you can use yum command to install R as follows.R. Above command will install core functionality of R programming along with standard packages, still you need additional package, then you can launch R prompt as follows.R version 3. 2. 0 2.Full of Ingredients.Copyright C 2. 01.The R Foundation for Statistical Computing.Platform x. 866. R is free software and comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.You are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.Type license or licence for distribution details.R is a collaborative project with many contributors.Type contributors for more information and.R or R packages in publications.Type demo for some demos, help for on line help, or.HTML browser interface to help.Type q to quit R.Now you can use install command at R prompt to install the required package.For example, the following command will install plotrix package which is required for 3.D charts. installplotrix.R Basic Syntax. As a convention, we will start learning R programming by writing a Hello, World program.Depending on the needs, you can program either at R command prompt or you can use an R script file to write your program.Lets check both one by one.R Command Prompt.Once you have R environment setup, then its easy to start your R command prompt by just typing the following command at your command prompt.This will launch R interpreter and you will get a prompt where you can start typing your program as follows.String lt Hello, World.String. 1 Hello, World.Here first statement defines a string variable my.String, where we assign a string Hello, World and then next statement print is being used to print the value stored in variable my.String. R Script File.Usually, you will do your programming by writing your programs in script files and then you execute those scripts at your command prompt with the help of R interpreter called Rscript.So lets start with writing following code in a text file called test.R as under. My first program in R Programming.String lt Hello, World.String. Save the above code in a file test.R and execute it at Linux command prompt as given below.Even if you are using Windows or other system, syntax will remain same.Rscript test. R. When we run the above program, it produces the following result.Hello, World. Comments.Comments are like helping text in your R program and they are ignored by the interpreter while executing your actual program.Single comment is written using in the beginning of the statement as follows.My first program in R Programming.R does not support multi line comments but you can perform a trick which is something as follows.This is a demo for multi line comments and it should be put inside either a single.OR double quote. String lt Hello, World.String. Though above comments will be executed by R interpreter, they will not interfere with your actual program.You should put such comments inside, either single or double quote.R Data Types. Generally, while doing programming in any programming language, you need to use various variables to store various information.Variables are nothing but reserved memory locations to store values.This means that, when you create a variable you reserve some space in memory.You may like to store information of various data types like character, wide character, integer, floating point, double floating point, Boolean etc.Based on the data type of a variable, the operating system allocates memory and decides what can be stored in the reserved memory.In contrast to other programming languages like C and java in R, the variables are not declared as some data type.The variables are assigned with R Objects and the data type of the R object becomes the data type of the variable.There are many types of R objects.The frequently used ones are Vectors.Lists. Matrices. Arrays.Factors. Data Frames.The simplest of these objects is the vector object and there are six data types of these atomic vectors, also termed as six classes of vectors.The other R Objects are built upon the atomic vectors.Data Type. Example.Verify. Logical. TRUE, FALSE.Numeric. 12. 3, 5, 9.Integer. 2L, 3. 4L, 0.L. printclassv. Complex.Charactera, good, TRUE, 2.RawHello is stored as 4.To. RawHello. R Decision Tree.Decision tree is a graph to represent choices and their results in form of a tree.The nodes in the graph represent an event or choice and the edges of the graph represent the decision rules or conditions.It is mostly used in Machine Learning and Data Mining applications using R.Examples of use of decision tress is predicting an email as spam or not spam, predicting of a tumor is cancerous or predicting a loan as a good or bad credit risk based on the factors in each of these.Generally, a model is created with observed data also called training data.Then a set of validation data is used to verify and improve the model.R has packages which are used to create and visualize decision trees.For new set of predictor variable, we use this model to arrive at a decision on the category yesNo, spamnot spam of the data.The R package party is used to create decision trees.Install R Package.Use the below command in R console to install the package.You also have to install the dependent packages if any.The package party has the function ctree which is used to create and analyze decison tree.Syntax. The basic syntax for creating a decision tree in R is.Following is the description of the parameters used formula is a formula describing the predictor and response variables.Input Data. We will use the R in built data set named reading.Skills to create a decision tree.It describes the score of someones reading.Skills if we know the variables age,shoesize,score and whether the person is a native speaker or not.Here is the sample data.Load the party package.It will automatically load other dependent packages.Print some records from data set reading.Skills. printheadreading.Skills. When we execute the above code, it produces the following result and chart.Speaker age shoe.Size score. 1 yes 5 2.Loading required package methods.Loading required package grid.Example. We will use the ctree function to create the decision tree and see its graph.Load the party package.It will automatically load other dependent packages.Create the input data frame.Skillsc1 1. 05,. Give the chart file a name.Create the tree. output.Speaker age shoe.Size score. data input.Plot the tree. plotoutput.Save the file. When we execute the above code, it produces the following result.Loading required package methods.Loading required package grid.Loading required package mvtnorm.Loading required package modeltools.Loading required package stats.Loading required package strucchange.Loading required package zoo.Attaching package zoo.The following objects are masked from package base.Date, as. Date. numeric.Loading required package sandwich.Conclusion. From the decision tree shown above we can conclude that anyone whose reading.Skills score is less than 3.Speaker. Advertisements.
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